Eco-friendly living roof trend takes root in U.S.
Jeff Chiu/AP
Guadencio Sanchez waters the Living Roof at the California Academy of Sciences on April 20, 2009, in San Francisco. The academy’s green rooftop keeps the building’s interior an average of 10 degrees cooler than a standard roof would.
By Jan Wiese-Fales Columbia Daily Tribune
Sunday, April 17, 2011
Northern Europeans have lived in houses with sod roofs for centuries. In this country, the Louis and Clark Expedition crossed paths with the Mandan tribe in the upper Missouri River Valley living in sod-covered timber frame houses.
European settlers on the Great Plains built “soddies”— the materials at handmade shelters that held the heat inside during the cold, windy winters and kept it out in the summer. That climate-control benefit is one factor that has fueled a growing trend toward green roofs, first in Europe but increasingly in the United States.
According to a survey conducted by Green Roofs for Healthy Cities, the square footage of living roofs in the United States grew by 28.5 percent in 2010.
Portland, Ore., offers homeowners a $5-per-square-foot incentive for “eco-roofs” to aid in stormwater management. Living roofs slow runoff an estimated 50 to 90 percent, taking pressure off growing municipalities to build additional drainage and treatment systems to handle increased runoff.
Washington, D.C., has set a goal for itself of 20 percent green roof coverage by 2020, and Chicago leads the country in living roofs with an estimated 600 green roofs totaling 7 million square feet.
In Columbia, there is at least one green roof, on the Fay Street Lofts, though there might be others I don’t know about.
In addition to mitigating runoff, living roofs filter stormwater and decrease pollution. They provide a reduction in individual buildings’ heating and cooling costs, and the more green roofs that exist, the greater the overall temperature reduction for an entire city.
Green roofs reduce noise, increase habitat for birds and invertebrates and could provide gardening space in urban settings.
There are basically two types of green roofs: intensive and extensive.
Intensive living roofs are those that come to mind when you think of rooftop gardens, with small trees, shrubs and a variety of plants. Most often built on flat rooftops, they have at least 8 inches of planting medium and might include a foot or more of soil. The weight of an intensive green roof can be as much as 150 pounds per square foot, a key consideration.
Rooftop gardens of this type require the same maintenance that any garden would require, including weeding and watering in extended dry spells.
Extensive green roofs are much shallower with only 3 to 5 inches of growing medium. Plant selection is geared toward vegetation that can handle heat and thrive in both dry conditions and in the sudden wet conditions of storms. Choosing the right plants can be tough, but sedums have proved exceptionally adaptable, and the wide variety of species provides some beautiful options, especially attractive to succulentphiles like me. Fay Street Lofts is planted with sedums.
Even pitched roofs can be green if the extensive green roof model is utilized, though it requires a little more engineering. And speaking of engineering, a structural engineer should be consulted before any green roof retrofitting. Even shallow soils can add 15 to 30 pounds of weight per square foot to a roof. The plants that are so beautiful and beneficial on the roof are just awful if they end up on top of your bed.
Green roofs cost somewhere between two to three times as much as a standard roof — though shingles might have to be replaced within 15 years — but a green roof can have a 50-year lifespan.
Construction of a living roof might include the addition of several layers, including a layer of insulation. A waterproof barrier obviously is a necessity, and a drainage layer is added beneath the growing medium, which typically is a soil-less mix.
A vibrant and growing green roof industry is evolving that includes architects, builders and plant persons: green jobs to bolster our economy. Just type “green roof” into your Internet browser for a mind-boggling number of living roof resources.
The Environmental Protection Agency is sponsoring the seventh annual National Sustainable Design Expo this weekend in Washington, D.C. It features “innovative technologies designed to advance economic growth while reducing environmental impact,” including green roof technologies.
And don’t forget, Columbia is celebrating Earth Day today in the Peace Park area — on and near the University of Missouri campus. If it’s raining, the city’s celebration of our wonderful planet will take place May 1.
Jan Wiese-Fales is a Master Gardener who lives and pulls weeds at Mole Hill in rural Howard County. You can reach her at fertilemind@sbcglobal.net.
This article was published on page E2 of the Sunday, April 17, 2011 edition of The Columbia Daily Tribune. 